Quantitative Approach

We used qualitative data generated through the first phase of fieldwork to construct the quantitative youth survey (YS). The YS was fielded at the end of school year 1 and school year 2 in each country. In addition to the emerging qualitative insights, the YS incorporated items from national and cross-national youth-focused surveys like HSLS (NCES, 2009), India Youth Report (Verma et al., 2017), MSAS (Population Council, 2015), PISA (OECD, 2009), and Young Lives (Boyden, 2014) in order to compare their results to our data and strike a balance between context specificity and cross-national comparability.

A survey in the one rural and one urban focal schools, and in up to three schools surrounding each of the four focal schools (up to 16 schools in each country) was conducted.